Summary

Commands or environments defined in the LaTeX kernel are always available.

!

1) Exclamation symbol (end of sentence marker) § 2.13 Inter-Sentence Spacing; 2) Used in \resizebox to maintain aspect ratio § 6.1 Graphical Transformations.

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Upside-down exclamation mark $\textexclamdown$ symbol. See also \textexclamdown. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

␣

A visual indication of a space in the code. When you type up the code, replace all instances of this symbol with a space via the space bar on your keyboard. § 2. Some Definitions

#<digit>

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Replacement text for argument <digit>. § 8. Defining Commands

$

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches in and out of in-line math mode. § 9.1 In-Line Mathematics

%

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Comment character used to ignore everything up to and including the newline character in the source code . § 2. Some Definitions

&

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Alignment tab. § 4.6.1 Column and Row Separation

'

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Closing quote or apostrophe ’ symbol in text mode or prime symbol in math mode. See also \textquoteright. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

''

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Closing double quote ” symbol in text mode or double prime in math mode. See also \textquotedblright. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

(

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Opening parenthesis in text mode or left round bracket delimiter in math mode. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

)

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Closing parenthesis in text mode or right round bracket delimiter in math mode. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

-

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Hyphen - in text mode or minus sign in math mode. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

--

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

En-dash – symbol. (Normally used for number ranges.) See also \textendash. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

---

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Em-dash — symbol. (Normally used to indicate omissions or interruptions or to highlight a parenthetical element.) See also \textemdash. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

.

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

1) period (full stop) or decimal point § 2.13 Inter-Sentence Spacing; 2) invisible delimiter § 9.4.9 Delimiters.

/

1) Forward slash symbol (see also \slash) § 2. Some Definitions; 2) Directory divider § 6. The graphicx Package; 3) Forward slash delimiter (math mode) § 9.4.9 Delimiters.

<

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Less than symbol. (Use \textless in text mode.) § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

<{<decl>}

Defined in: array package.

Used in tabular or array column specifiers after l, r, c, p, m or b to insert <decl> directly after the entry for that column. § 4.6 Aligning Material in Rows and Columns

Argument Summary:

<decl> The code to insert at the end of the column.

>

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greater than symbol. (Use \textgreater in text mode.) § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

>{<decl>}

Defined in: array package.

Used in tabular or array column specifiers before l, r, c, p, m or b to insert <decl> directly in front of the entry for that column. § 4.6 Aligning Material in Rows and Columns

Argument Summary:

<decl> The code to insert at the start of the column.

?

Question mark (end of sentence marker). § 2.13 Inter-Sentence Spacing

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Upside-down question mark $\textquestiondown$ symbol. See also \textquestiondown. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

@{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Used in the argument of tabular or array like environments to specify text to insert between columns. § 4.6 Aligning Material in Rows and Columns

Argument Summary:

<text> Text to insert between columns

[

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

1) Open delimiter of an optional argument § 2.8.2 Optional Arguments; 2) Open square bracket in text mode § 4.4.1 Unordered Lists; 3) Left square bracket delimiter in math mode § 9.4.9 Delimiters.

\

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Escape character (indicates a command). § 2.6 Commands

\!

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Negative thin space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\"{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Umlaut over <c>. Example: \"{o} produces ö. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires an umlaut over it.

\#

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Hash # symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\$

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Dollar $ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\%

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Percent % symbol § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\&

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Ampersand & symbol § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\'{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Acute accent over <c>. Example: \'{o} produces ó. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires an acute accent over it.

\(

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Equivalent to \begin{math}. § 9.1 In-Line Mathematics

\)

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Equivalent to \end{math}. § 9.1 In-Line Mathematics

\,

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Thin space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\-

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Insert discretionary hyphen. § 2.14 Hyphenation

\.{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Dot over <c>. Example: \.{o} produces ȯ. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires a dot over it.

\/

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Italic correction. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\:

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Medium space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\;

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Thick space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\={<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Macron accent over <c>. Example: \={o} produces ō. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires a macron accent over it.

\@

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Used when a sentence ends with a capital letter. This command should be placed after the letter and before the punctuation mark. § 2.13 Inter-Sentence Spacing

\[

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (inconsistency corrected in amsmath).

Starts an unnumbered single-line of displayed maths. § 9.2 Displayed Mathematics

\\[<height>]

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

1) Breaks a line without justification (starred form forbids a page break) § 2.8.2 Optional Arguments; 2) Starts a new row in tabular-style environments § 4.6.1 Column and Row Separation.

Argument Summary:

<height> Extra vertical space.

\]

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (inconsistency corrected in amsmath).

Ends an unnumbered single-line of displayed maths. § 9.2 Displayed Mathematics

\_

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Underscore _ symbol (see also \textunderscore). § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\`{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Grave accent over <c>. Example: \`{o} produces ò. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires a grave accent over it.

\{

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Left brace { character. In math mode may be used as a delimiter. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\|

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Double vertical bar $\Vert$ delimiter § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Right brace { character. In math mode may be used as a delimiter. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\~{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Tilde accent over <c>. Example: \~{o} produces õ. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires a tilde accent over it.

\^{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Circumflex accent over <c>. Example: \^{o} produces ô. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires a circumflex accent over it.

\␣

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

(Backslash followed by space character.) Horizontal spacing command. § 2.13 Inter-Sentence Spacing

]

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

1) Closing delimiter of an optional argument § 2.8.2 Optional Arguments; 2) Closing square bracket in text mode § 4.4.1 Unordered Lists; 3) Right square bracket delimiter in math mode § 9.4.9 Delimiters.

_{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Displays its argument as a subscript. § 9.4.3 Subscripts and Superscripts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The subscript.

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Open quote ‘ symbol. See also \textquoteleft. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Open double quote “ symbol. See also \textquotedblleft. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

{

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Marks the beginning of a group . § 2.7 Grouping (or Scope)

|

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

1) Delimiter. (Math mode only. Use \textbar in text mode.) § 9.4.9 Delimiters; 2) Vertical rule specifier (tabular or array) § 9.4.10 Arrays.

}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Marks the end of a group . § 2.7 Grouping (or Scope)

~

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Unbreakable space. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

^{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Displays its argument as a superscript. § 9.4.3 Subscripts and Superscripts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The superscript.

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\AA

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Upper case A-ring Å character. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\aa

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Lower case a-ring å character. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\begin{abstract}<body>\end{abstract}

Defined in: Most article- or report-style classes, such as scrartcl or scrreprt. Not usually defined in book-style classes, such as scrbook, but is defined in memoir.

Displays its contents as an abstract. § 5.2 Abstract

\abstractname

Defined in: Classes or packages that define an abstract environment.

Text used in abstract heading. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\addcontentsline{<toc>}{<section unit>}{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Adds a sectional unit header to the contents list. § 5.4 Creating a Table of Contents

Argument Summary:

<toc> The extension of the required external file without the dot (for example, toc for the table of contents or lof for the list of figures).
<section unit> The name of the sectional unit (for example, chapter).
<text> The text to be added to the contents list.

\addto{<command>}{<code>}

Defined in: babel package.

Adds <code> to the definition of <command>. (See also \appto.) § 8.2 Redefining Commands

Argument Summary:

<command> The command that needs patching.
<code> The additional code to add to the command definition.

\addtocounter{<counter>}{<increment>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Increments the value of a counter by the given amount. § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter that needs changing.
<number> The amount by which to increment the counter. (Must be an integer.)

\addtokomafont{<element name>}{<commands>}

Defined in: scrartcl, scrreprt and scrbook classes.

Sets the font characteristics for the given KOMA-Script element. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

Argument Summary:

<element name> The element's name, for example chapter. See the KOMA-Script manual for a full list of defined elements.
<commands> The font changing commands to apply to that element.

\addtolength{<register>}{<dimension>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Adds <dimension> to the value of the given length register. § 2.17 Lengths

Argument Summary:

<register> The name of the length register (for example \parindent).
<dimension> The dimension to add to the length.

\AE

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Æ ligature. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\ae

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

æ ligature. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\begin{align}<body>\end{align}

Defined in: amsmath package.

Used for numbered aligned equations. § 9.3 Multiple Lines of Displayed Maths

\begin{align*}<body>\end{align*}

Defined in: amsmath package.

Used for unnumbered aligned equations. § 9.3 Multiple Lines of Displayed Maths

\Alph{<counter>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays counter value as an upper case letter. (A, B, C, ..., Z) § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter.

\alph{<counter>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays counter value as a lower case letter. (a, b, c, ..., z) § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter.

\alpha

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case alpha $\alpha$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\amalg

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\amalg$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\and

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Used to separate authors in \author § 5.1 Author and Title Information

\appendix

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Indicates (but doesn't print anything) that the document is switching to the appendices. If chapters exist, the chapter numbering is reset and switched to a different format (usually upper case letters) otherwise the section numbering is reset and switched to a different format. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

\appendixname

Defined in: Classes or packages that define chapters.

Number prefix used in appendix headings. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\approx

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\approx$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\appto{<command>}{<code>}

Defined in: etoolbox package.

Adds <code> to the definition of <command>. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

Argument Summary:

<command> The command that needs patching.
<code> The additional code to add to the command definition.

\arabic{<counter>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays counter value as an Arabic number. (1, 2, 3, ...) § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter.

\arccos

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\arccos$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\arcsin

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\arcsin$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\arctan

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\arctan$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\arg

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\arg$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\begin{array}[<v-pos>]{<column specifiers>}<body>\end{array}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Environment for lining things up in rows and columns. Use tabular for text mode. § 9.4.10 Arrays

Argument Summary:

<v-pos> Vertical alignment of the entire environment with respect to the surrounding baseline. May be one of t (top), b (bottom) or c (centered).
<column specifiers> Indicates how to align the columns.

\arraycolsep

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Length register specifying half the gap between columns in an array environment. § 9.4.10 Arrays

\ast

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\asymp

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\asymp$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\author{<name>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of a title page.

Specifies the document author (or authors). This command doesn't display any text so may be used in the preamble, but if it's not in the preamble it must be placed before \maketitle. § 5.1 Author and Title Information

Argument Summary:

<name> The name (or names) of the document author (or authors).

Note that some classes, such as those supplied by journals or conference proceedings, may also define an optional argument that can be used to specify an abbreviated author list for the page headers.

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\b{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Bar under <c>. Example: \b{r} produces ṟ. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires the bar under it.

\backmatter

Defined in: Most book-style classes, such as scrbook.

Suppresses chapter and section numbering, but still adds unstarred sectional units to the table of contents. (See also \frontmatter and \mainmatter.) § 5.7 Page Styles and Page Numbering

\backslash

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Backslash $\protect\backslash$ symbol, which may be used as a delimiter. (Use \textbackslash for text mode.) § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\baselineskip

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

A length register that stores the current interline spacing. This is recalculated whenever the font changes. § 10. Defining Environments

\begin{<env-name>}[<env-option>]{<env-arg-1>}...{<env-arg-n>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Starts an environment. (Must have a matching \end.) § 2.15 Environments

Argument Summary:

<env-name> The name of the environment. (No backslash.)
<env-option> An optional argument that may be passed to the environment. Not all environments have optional arguments.
<env-arg-1>...<env-arg-n> Any mandatory arguments required by the environment. Not all environments require arguments.

\beta

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case beta $\beta$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\begin{bfseries}<body>\end{bfseries}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Typesets the environment contents in a bold font. § 2.15 Environments

\bfseries

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the bold weight in the current font family. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\bibitem[<tag>]{<key>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Indicates the start of a new reference in the bibliography. May only be used inside the contents of thebibliography environment § 5.6 Creating a Bibliography

Argument Summary:

<tag> If present, overrides the marker at the start of the reference.
<key> A unique key that identifies this reference so it can be cited elsewhere in the document using \cite.

\bibname

Defined in: Report or book style classes that define a bibliography chapter.

Text used for bibliography chapter heading. (See also \refname.) § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\bigcap

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Collection intersection $\bigcap$ symbol (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\bigcirc

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\bigcirc$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\bigcup

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Collection union $\bigcup$ symbol (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\Biggl<delimiter>

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Left delimiter sizing. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as (, or a delimiter command, such as \langle.

\biggl<delimiter>

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Left delimiter sizing. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as (, or a delimiter command, such as \langle.

\Biggr<delimiter>

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Right delimiter sizing. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as ), or a delimiter command, such as \rangle.

\biggr<delimiter>

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Right delimiter sizing. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as ), or a delimiter command, such as \rangle.

\Bigl<delimiter>

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Left delimiter sizing. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as (, or a delimiter command, such as \langle.

\bigl<delimiter>

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Left delimiter sizing. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as (, or a delimiter command, such as \langle.

\bigodot

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Big operator $\bigodot$ (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\bigoplus

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Big operator $\bigoplus$ (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\bigotimes

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Big operator $\bigotimes$ (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\Bigr<delimiter>

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Right delimiter sizing. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as ), or a delimiter command, such as \rangle.

\bigr<delimiter>

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Right delimiter sizing. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as ), or a delimiter command, such as \rangle.

\bigsqcup

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Big operator $\bigsqcup$ (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\bigtriangledown

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\bigtriangledown$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\bigtriangleup

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\bigtriangleup$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\biguplus

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Big operator $\biguplus$ (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\bigvee

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Big operator $\bigvee$ (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\bigwedge

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Big operator $\bigwedge$ (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\begin{Bmatrix}<body>\end{Bmatrix}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Like the array environment, but doesn't have an argument and adds curly brace delimiters. § 9.4.10 Arrays

\begin{bmatrix}<body>\end{bmatrix}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Like the array environment, but doesn't have an argument and adds square bracket delimiters. § 9.4.10 Arrays

\bmod

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Modulo operator. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\boldsymbol{<symbol>}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Like \mathbf but also works for numbers and many nonalphabetical symbols. (See also \pmb.) § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<symbol> The character or symbol on which to apply the font change.

\bottomrule[<wd>]

Defined in: booktabs package.

Horizontal rule for the bottom of a tabular environment. § 4.6.3 Rules

Argument Summary:

<wd> Thickness of the rule (dimension).

\bowtie

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\bowtie$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\bullet

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

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\c{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Cedilla under <c>. Example: \c{o} produces ǫ. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires the cedilla.

\cap

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\cap$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\caption[<short caption>]{<caption text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Inserts the caption for a float such as a figure or table. This command has a moving argument. § 7. Floats

Argument Summary:

<short caption> If provided, an abbreviated caption to go in the list of figures/tables etc.
<caption text> The caption contents.

\captionsetup[<float type>]{<options>}

Defined in: caption package.

Used to set up the options affecting float captions. § 7.4 Sub-Floats

Argument Summary:

<float type> The float type.
<options> A <key>=<value> comma-separated list of options.

\begin{cases}<body>\end{cases}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Like the array environment, but adds a left brace start delimiter and an invisible end delimiter. § 9.4.10 Arrays

\cdot

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Centred dot $\cdot$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\cdots

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Centred ellipses $\cdots$ symbol. § 9.4.8 Ellipses

\centering

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches the paragraph alignment to centred. § 2.12 Declarations

\cfrac[<pos>]{<numerator>}{<denominator>}

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Displays a continued fraction. § 9.4.5 Fractions

Argument Summary:

<pos> May be l (left) or r (right).
<numerator> The numerator (above the line).
<denominator> The denominator (below the line).

\chapter[<short title>]{<title>}

Defined in: Book-style classes (such as scrbook or scrreprt) that have the concept of chapters.

Inserts a chapter heading. This command has a moving argument. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

Argument Summary:

<short title> An abbreviated form of the title to go in the table of contents or the page header.
<title> The title.

The starred form of this command doesn't have an optional argument and doesn't increment or display the chapter counter.

\chaptername

Defined in: Classes or packages that define chapters.

Number prefix used in chapter headings. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\chi

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case chi $\chi$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\circ

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Circle $\circ$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\cite[<text>]{<key list>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Inserts the citation markers of each reference identified in the key list. A second run is required to ensure the reference is correct. § 5.6 Creating a Bibliography

Argument Summary:

<text> Additional text to insert into the citation (such as the chapter number, or a particular page or page range within the citation).
<key list> A comma-separated list of keys used in the corresponding \cite.

\color[<model>]{<specs>}

Defined in: color and xcolor packages.

A declaration that switches the current foreground colour to the given specification. § 8. Defining Commands

Argument Summary:

<model> The colour model, for example rgb or named.
<specs> The colour specification for the given model. For example, if the rgb model is chosen, <specs> must be a comma-separated list of three numbers each between 0 and 1.

\cong

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\cong$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\contentsname

Defined in: Classes or packages that define a table of contents.

Text used for table of contents heading. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\coprod

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Co-product $\coprod$ symbol (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\copyright

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

\cos

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\cos$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\cosh

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\cosh$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\cot

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\cot$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\coth

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\coth$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\csc

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\csc$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\cup

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\cup$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\currenttime

Defined in: datetime package.

Inserts into the output file the time when the LaTeX application created it from the source code. § 4.2.1 Changing the Format of \today

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\d{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Dot under <c>. Example: \d{o} produces ọ. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires the dot under it.

\dag

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Dagger $\dag$ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\dagger

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\dagger$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\dashv

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\dashv$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\date{<text>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of a title page.

Specifies the document date. This command doesn't display any text so may be used in the preamble, but if it's not in the preamble it must be placed before \maketitle. If omitted, most classes assume the current date (as provided by \today). § 5.1 Author and Title Information

Argument Summary:

<text> The document date.

\ddag

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Double-dagger $\ddag$ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\ddagger

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\ddagger$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\ddmmyyyydate

Defined in: datetime package.

Changes the format of \today so that it displays the date in the form 02/05/2013 (day/month/year in digits). § 4.2.1 Changing the Format of \today

\ddots

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Diagonal ellipses $\ddots$ symbol. § 9.4.8 Ellipses

\DeclareCaptionLabelFormat{<name>}{<code>}

Defined in: caption.

Used to defined your own caption label formats. § 7.4 Sub-Floats

Argument Summary:

<name> The name used to identify this new format
<code> The code that defines this format (#1 gets replaced with the name and #2 gets replaced with the reference number.)

\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{<ext-list>}

Defined in: graphicx package.

Specify the file extensions to look for if no extension is used in \includegraphics § 6. The graphicx Package

Argument Summary:

<ext-list> A comma-separated list of extensions.

\DeclareMathOperator{<cmd>}{<operator-name>}

Defined in: amsmath package (Preamble Only).

Defines a new maths operator. The starred version allows limits. § 9.4.4.1 Defining New Functional Operators

Argument Summary:

<cmd> The name of the new operator command (must begin with a backslash).
<operator name> The name of the maths operator.

\deg

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\deg$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\Delta

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case delta $\Delta$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\delta

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case delta $\delta$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\begin{description}<body>\end{description}

Defined in: Most class files.

Labelled list. § 4.4.3 Description Environment

\det

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\det$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\diamond

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\diamond$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\dim

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\dim$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\ding{<n>}

Defined in: pifont package.

Inserts PostScript ZapfDingbats character with code <n>, which must be an integer. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

Argument Summary:

<n> The decimal code of the required character.

\begin{dinglist}{<number>}<body>\end{dinglist}

Defined in: pifont package.

A list where the item marker is given by character <number> in the Zapf Dingbats font. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

Argument Summary:

<number> The character code for the item marker.

\displaybreak[<n>]

Defined in: amsmath package.

Allows a page break in multi-lined maths environments, such as align. § 9.3 Multiple Lines of Displayed Maths

Argument Summary:

<n> An integer from 0 to 4 indicating how strongly you want a page break to occur. The higher the number, the stronger the request.

\div

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Division operator $\div$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\begin{document}<body>\end{document}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

The body of the document. § 4. Creating a Simple Document

\documentclass[<option-list>]{<class-name>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Loads the document class file, which sets up the type of document you wish to write. § 4. Creating a Simple Document

Argument Summary:

<option-list> A comma-separated list of options to pass to the class file or any packages that will later be loaded.
<class-name> The name of the document class. This corresponds to a file called <class-name>.cls, which must be installed.

\doteq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\dotsb

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Ellipses $\dotsb$ for dots with binary operators/relations. § 9.4.8 Ellipses

\dotsc

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Ellipses $\dotsc$ for dots with commas. § 9.4.8 Ellipses

\dotsi

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Ellipses $\dotsi$ for dots with integrals. § 9.4.8 Ellipses

\dotsm

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Ellipses $\dotsm$ for dots with multiplications. § 9.4.8 Ellipses

\dotso

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Ellipses $\dotso$ for general dots. § 9.4.8 Ellipses

\doublebox{<text>}

Defined in: fancybox package.

Puts a double-lined frame around its contents, prohibiting a line break in the contents. § 4.7.1 Framed Boxes

Argument Summary:

<text> The contents of the box.

\Downarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Double-lined down arrow $\Downarrow$ . (May be used as a delimiter.) § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\downarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Down arrow $\downarrow$ . (May be used as a delimiter.) § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

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\em

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Toggles the upright and italic/slanted form of the current font family. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\begin{em}<body>\end{em}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Typesets the environment contents in an emphasized font. (Switches to italic/slanted if the surrounding font is upright, or switches to upright if the surrounding font is italic/slanted.) § 4.5.1.1 Emphasizing Words or Phrases

\emph{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Toggles the upright and italic/slanted rendering of <text>. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\end{<env-name>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Ends an environment. (Must have a matching \begin.) § 2.15 Environments

Argument Summary:

<env-name> The name of the environment.

\enspace

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Horizontal spacing command (half as wide as \quad). § 2.13 Inter-Sentence Spacing

\begin{enumerate}<body>\end{enumerate}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Ordered list. § 4.4.2 Ordered Lists

\epsilon

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case epsilon $\epsilon$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\eqref{<label>}

Defined in: amsmath package.

Short cut for (\ref{<label>}) for referencing equations. § 9.2 Displayed Mathematics

Argument Summary:

<label> The required label that was used in the corresponding \label.

\begin{equation}<body>\end{equation}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays its contents as a single-lined numbered equation. § 9.2 Displayed Mathematics

\equiv

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\eta

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case eta $\eta$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\exp

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\exp$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

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\familydefault

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Specifies the default font family. Defaults to \rmdefault but may be redefined by certain classes. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\fbox{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Puts a frame around its contents, prohibiting a line break in the contents. § 4.7.1 Framed Boxes

Argument Summary:

<text> The contents of the box.

\begin{figure}[<placement>]<body>\end{figure}

Defined in: Most classes that define sectioning commands.

Floats the contents to the nearest location according to the preferred placement options, if possible. Within the environment, \caption may be used one or more times, as required. The caption will usually include the prefix given by \figurename. § 7.1 Figures

Argument Summary:

<placement> The preferred placement.

\figurename

Defined in: Classes or packages that define figures.

Number prefix used in figure captions. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\fnsymbol{<counter>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays counter value as footnote symbol. ( ) § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter.

\footnote[<number>]{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Inserts a footnote. § 4.1 Using Simple Commands

Argument Summary:

<number> Overrides the default footnote number with the specified <number>.
<text> The footnote text.

\footnotesize

Defined in: Most document classes.

Switches to footnote sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\forall

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

“For all” $\forall$ symbol. § 9.4.8 Ellipses

\foreignlanguage{<language name>}{<text>}

Defined in: babel package.

Typesets the given text using any predefined names or date formats supplied by the given language. § 5.8 Multi-Lingual Support: using the babel package

Argument Summary:

<language> The language identifier.
<text> The foreign text.

\frac{<numerator>}{<denominator>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Displays a fraction. § 9.4.5 Fractions

Argument Summary:

<numerator> The numerator (above the line).
<denominator> The denominator (below the line).

\framebox[<width>][<align>]{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Puts a frame around its contents, prohibiting a line break in the contents. § 4.7.1 Framed Boxes

Argument Summary:

<width> The width of the box. (If omitted, this value is the natural width of the box contents.)
<align> Horizontal alignment of box contents (c if omitted).
<text> The contents of the box.

\frenchspacing

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switch to French spacing. § 2.13 Inter-Sentence Spacing

\frontmatter

Defined in: Most book-style classes, such as scrbook.

Switches to lower case Roman numeral page numbering. Also suppresses chapter and section numbering, but still adds unstarred sectional units to the table of contents. (See also \mainmatter and \backmatter.) § 5.7 Page Styles and Page Numbering

\frown

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\frown$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

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\Gamma

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case gamma $\Gamma$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\gamma

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case gamma $\gamma$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\gcd

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\gcd$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\ge

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\geq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\gets

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Left arrow $\gets$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\gg

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

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\H{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Double acute diacritic over <c>. Example: \H{o} produces Ő. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires the double acute diacritic.

\heavyrulewidth

Defined in: booktabs package.

Length register specifying the thickness of \toprule and \bottomrule. § 4.6.3 Rules

\hom

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\hom$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\hookleftarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Hooked left arrow $\hookleftarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\hookrightarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Hooked right arrow $\hookrightarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\hspace{<length>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Inserts a horizontal gap of the given width. § 4.6 Aligning Material in Rows and Columns

Argument Summary:

<length> The width of the horizontal gap.

\Huge

Defined in: Most document classes.

Switches to extra-huge sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\huge

Defined in: Most document classes.

Switches to huge sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\hyphenation{<word>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Specifies hyphenation points. § 2.14 Hyphenation

Argument Summary:

<word> Word with hyphen points indicated with a dash (-).

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\i

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Dotless i character: ı. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\iflanguage{<language name>}{<true text>}{<false text>}

Defined in: babel package.

Tests the current language. § 5.8 Multi-Lingual Support: using the babel package

Argument Summary:

<language> The language identifier.
<true text> The text to typeset if true.
<false text> The text to typeset if not true.

\ignorespaces

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Used in begin environment code to suppress any spaces occurring at the start of the environment (see also \ignorespacesafterend). § 10. Defining Environments

\ignorespacesafterend

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Used in end environment code to suppress any spaces following the end of the environment. § 10. Defining Environments

\in

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\in$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\includegraphics[<key vals>]{<filename>}

Defined in: graphicx package.

Inserts a graphics file into the document. § 6. The graphicx Package

Argument Summary:

<key vals> Comma-separated list of options that can be used to change the way the image is displayed.

\index{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Adds indexing information to an external index file. The command \makeindex must be used in the preamble to enable this command. The external index file must be post-processed with an indexing application, such as makeindex. § 8. Defining Commands

Argument Summary:

<text> The text to go in the index.

\indexname

Defined in: Classes or packages that define an index section.

Text used for index heading. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\inf

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\inf$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\infty

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Infinity $\infty$ symbol. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\injlim

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Typesets $\injlim$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\int

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Integral $\int$ symbol (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\intertext{<text>}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Used for a short interjection in the middle of a multi-line displayed maths, such as in an align environment. May only appear right after \\. § 9.3 Multiple Lines of Displayed Maths

Argument Summary:

<text> The interjection text.

\iota

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case iota $\iota$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\item[<marker>]

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Specifies the start of an item in a list. (Only allowed inside one of the list making environments.) § 4.4 Lists

Argument Summary:

<marker> If specified, the default item marker is replaced with <marker>.

\begin{itemize}<body>\end{itemize}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Unordered list. § 4.4.1 Unordered Lists

\itshape

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the italic form of the current font family, if it exists. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\begin{itshape}<body>\end{itshape}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Typesets the environment contents in an italic font. § 4.5.1.1 Emphasizing Words or Phrases

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\j

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Dotless j character: ȷ. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

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\kappa

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case kappa $\kappa$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\ker

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\ker$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

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\L

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Upper case L-bar Ł character. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\l

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Lower case l-bar ł character. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\label{<string>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Assigns a unique textual label linked to the most recently incremented cross-referencing counter in the current scope (see also \ref). § 5.5 Cross-Referencing

Argument Summary:

<string> A unique label that can be referenced elsewhere in the document with \ref. (It's best to just use alphanumerics and non-active punctuation characters in the label.)

\labelformat{<ctr>}{<defn>}

Defined in: fncylab package.

Defines how the label for the counter <ctr> should be formatted. The definition <defn> should use #1 to indicate the label value. § 7.4 Sub-Floats

Argument Summary:

<ctr> The name of the counter.
<defn> How to display the value of the counter.

\labelitemi

Defined in: Classes that define the itemize environment.

The default label for the first level itemize. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\labelitemii

Defined in: Classes that define the itemize environment.

The default label for the second level itemize. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\labelitemiii

Defined in: Classes that define the itemize environment.

The default label for the third level itemize. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\labelitemiv

Defined in: Classes that define the itemize environment.

The default label for the fourth level itemize. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\Lambda

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case lambda $\Lambda$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\lambda

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case lambda $\lambda$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\langle

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Left-angled $\langle$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\LARGE

Defined in: Most document classes.

Switches to extra-extra-large sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\Large

Defined in: Most document classes.

Switches to extra-large sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\large

Defined in: Most document classes.

Switches to large sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\LaTeX

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Typesets the logo. § 2.6 Commands, 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\LaTeXe

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Typesets the logo. § 5.6 Creating a Bibliography

\lceil

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Left ceil $\lceil$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\ldots

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Ellipses ... symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\le

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\left<delimiter>

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Indicates a left stretchable delimiter. Must have a matching \right. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as (, or a delimiter command, such as \langle.

\Leftarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Double-lined left arrow $\Leftarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\leftarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Left arrow $\leftarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\leftharpoondown

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Left down harpoon $\leftharpoondown$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\leftharpoonup

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Left up harpoon $\leftharpoonup$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\Leftrightarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Double-ended double-lined horizontal arrow $\Leftrightarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\leftrightarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Double-ended horizontal arrow $\leftrightarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\leq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\lfloor

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Left floor $\lfloor$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\lg

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\lg$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\lightrulewidth

Defined in: booktabs package.

Length register specifying the thickness of \midrule. § 4.6.3 Rules

\lim

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\lim$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\liminf

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\liminf$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\limsup

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\limsup$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\linebreak[<n>]

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Requests a line break, ensuring the paragraph remains justified. This may cause excess white space in the paragraph. § B.29 There's no line here to end

Argument Summary:

<n> An integer from 0 to 4 indicating how strongly you want a line break to occur. The higher the number, the stronger the request to break the line.

\linewidth

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

A length containing the desired current line width. This is usually the width of the typeblock, but inside a minipage or \parbox it will be the width the box. Note that the actual contents of the line may fall short of the line width (underfull hbox) or extend beyond it (overfull hbox). § 4.7 Boxes and Mini-Pages

\listfigurename

Defined in: Classes or packages that define a list of figures.

Text used for list of figures heading. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\listoffigures

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Inserts the list of figures. A second (possibly third) run is required to ensure the page numbering is correct. § 7.1 Figures

\listoftables

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Inserts the list of tables. A second (possibly third) run is required to ensure the page numbering is correct. § 7.2 Tables

\listtablename

Defined in: Classes or packages that define a list of tables.

Text used for list of tables heading. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\ll

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\ln

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\ln$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\log

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\log$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\Longleftarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Long double-lined left arrow $\Longleftarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\longleftarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Long left arrow $\longleftarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\Longleftrightarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Long double-lined double-ended horizontal arrow $\Longleftrightarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\longleftrightarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Long double-ended horizontal arrow $\longleftrightarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\longmapsto

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Long mapping arrow $\longmapsto$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\Longrightarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Long double-lined right arrow $\Longrightarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\longrightarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Long right arrow $\longrightarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\lVert

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Left double vertical bar $\lVert$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\lvert

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Left vertical bar $\lvert$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

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\mainmatter

Defined in: Most book-style classes, such as scrbook.

Switches to Arabic page numbering and enables chapter and section numbering. (See also \frontmatter and \backmatter.) § 5.7 Page Styles and Page Numbering

\makeindex

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Preamble Only).

Enables \index. § 8. Defining Commands

\maketitle

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of a title page.

Generates the title page (or title block). This command is usually placed at the beginning of the document environment. § 5.1 Author and Title Information

\mapsto

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Mapping arrow $\mapsto$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\markboth{<left head>}{<right head>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Specifies information for the left and right page headers. Not all page styles use this information, in which case the arguments are ignored. § 5.7 Page Styles and Page Numbering

Argument Summary:

<left head> Text for the left (even) page header, if the document has been identified as a double-sided document (usually with the twoside class option).
<right head> Text for the right page header, if the twoside option has been used. Otherwise used for both odd and even page headers.

\markright{<right head>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Specifies information for the right (odd) page header. Not all page styles use this information, in which case the argument is ignored. § 5.7 Page Styles and Page Numbering

Argument Summary:

<right head> Text for the right page header, if the twoside option has been used. Otherwise used for both odd and even page headers.

\begin{math}<body>\end{math}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Sets its contents in in-line math mode. § 9.1 In-Line Mathematics

\mathbb{<maths>}

Defined in: amsfonts package (Math Mode).

Typesets its argument in the blackboard bold font. Example: $\mathbb{R}$ produces $\mathbb{R}$ . § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The maths to be displayed in a blackboard bold font.

\mathbf{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Renders <maths> in the predefined maths bold font. (Doesn't work with numbers and nonalphabetical symbols.) See also \boldsymbol. § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The text on which to apply the font change.

\mathcal{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets its argument in the maths calligraphic font. Example: $\mathcal{S}$ produces $\mathcal{S}$ . § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The maths to be displayed in a calligraphic font.

\mathfrak{<maths>}

Defined in: amsfonts package (Math Mode).

Typesets its argument in Euler Fraktur letters. Example: $\mathfrak{U}$ produces $\mathfrak{U}$ . § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The maths to be displayed in Euler Fraktur letters.

\mathit{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Renders <maths> in the predefined maths italic font. § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The text on which to apply the font change.

\mathrm{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Renders <maths> in the predefined maths serif font. § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The text on which to apply the font change.

\mathsf{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Renders <maths> in the predefined maths sans-serif font. § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The text on which to apply the font change.

\mathtt{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Renders <maths> in the predefined maths typewriter font. § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The text on which to apply the font change.

\begin{matrix}<body>\end{matrix}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Like the array environment, but doesn't have an argument. § 9.4.10 Arrays

\max

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\max$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\mbox{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Ensures that the given text doesn't contain a line break. § 4.7 Boxes and Mini-Pages

\mdseries

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the medium weight in the current font family. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\medspace

Defined in: amsmath package.

Medium space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\mid

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\mid$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\midrule[<wd>]

Defined in: booktabs package.

Horizontal rule to go below headings row of a tabular environment. § 4.6.3 Rules

Argument Summary:

<wd> Thickness of the rule (dimension).

\min

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\min$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\begin{minipage}[<pos>][<height>]{<width>}<body>\end{minipage}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Makes a box with line-wrapped contents. (See also \parbox.) § 4.7 Boxes and Mini-Pages

Argument Summary:

<pos> The vertical alignment of the box relative to the surrounding text. (Centred if omitted.)
<height> The height of the box. (If omitted the height is the natural height of the contents of the box.)
<width> The width of the box.

\minisec{<heading>}

Defined in: scrartcl, scrreprt and scrbook classes.

An unnumbered heading not associated with any structuring level. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

Argument Summary:

<heading> The heading text.

\mod{<maths>}

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Modulo operator without parentheses. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

Argument Summary:

<maths> The modulo (placed in parentheses).

\models

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\models$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\mp

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Minus or plus operator symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\mu

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case mu $\mu$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\multicolumn{<cols spanned>}{<col specifier>}{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Spans multiple columns in a tabular-style environment. § 4.6.2 Spanning Columns

Argument Summary:

<cols spanned> The number of columns to span.
<col specifier> The alignment of this column-spanning entry.
<text> The contents of this column-spanning entry.

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\nearrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

North-East arrow $\nearrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\negmedspace

Defined in: amsmath package.

Negative medium space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\negthickspace

Defined in: amsmath package.

Negative thick space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\negthinspace

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Negative thin space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\neq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\newcommand{<cmd>}[<n-args>][<default>]{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Defines a new command. § 8. Defining Commands

Argument Summary:

<cmd> The new command name (including initial backslash).
<n-args> The number of arguments this new command should have.
<default> If the first argument should be optional, the default value if omitted.
<text> What actions the command should perform.

\newcounter{<counter>}[<outer counter>]

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Defines a new counter. § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the new counter.
<outer counter> The name of the parent counter.

\newenvironment{<env-name>}[<n-args>][<default>]{<begin-code>}{<end-code>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Defines a new environment. § 10. Defining Environments

Argument Summary:

<env-name> The new environment name (no backslash).
<n-args> The number of arguments this new environment should have.
<default> If the first argument should be optional, the default value if omitted.
<begin-code> Actions to perform at the start of the environment.
<end-code> Actions to perform at the end of the environment.

\newline

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Forces a line break. § B.29 There's no line here to end

\ni

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\noindent

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Suppress the indentation that would usually occur at the start of the next paragraph. § 10. Defining Environments

\nonfrenchspacing

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switch to English spacing. § 2.13 Inter-Sentence Spacing

\normalfont

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the default font style. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\normalsize

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to normal sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\not<symbol command>

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Negates the following symbol. Example: \not\subset produces $\not\subset$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

Argument Summary:

<symbol command> The symbol to be negated.

\notag

Defined in: amsmath package.

Suppresses equation numbering for the current row in environments such as align. § 9.3 Multiple Lines of Displayed Maths

\notin

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\nu

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case nu $\nu$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\nwarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

North-West arrow $\nwarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

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\O

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Upper case slashed-O Ø character. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\o

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Lower case slashed-o ø character. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\odot

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\odot$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\OE

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Œ ligature. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\oe

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

œ ligature. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\oint

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Closed path integral $\oint$ symbol (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\Omega

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case omega $\Omega$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\omega

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case omega $\omega$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\ominus

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\ominus$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\oplus

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\oplus$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\oslash

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\oslash$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\begin{otherlanguage}{<language name>}<body>\end{otherlanguage}

Defined in: babel package.

Within the environment contents, predefined textual elements, such as the date given by \today or prefixes like “Chapter”, are set to those supplied by the given language. § 5.8 Multi-Lingual Support: using the babel package

Argument Summary:

<language> The language identifier.

\otimes

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\otimes$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\Ovalbox{<text>}

Defined in: fancybox package.

Puts a thick-lined oval frame around its contents, prohibiting a line break in the contents. § 4.7.1 Framed Boxes

Argument Summary:

<text> The contents of the box.

\ovalbox{<text>}

Defined in: fancybox package.

Puts a thin-lined oval frame around its contents, prohibiting a line break in the contents. § 4.7.1 Framed Boxes

Argument Summary:

<text> The contents of the box.

\overleftarrow{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Puts an extendible left arrow over <maths> § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

Argument Summary:

<maths> The maths over which to put the arrow.

\overleftrightarrow{<maths>}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Puts an extendible left-right arrow over <maths> § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

Argument Summary:

<maths> The maths over which to put the arrow.

\overrightarrow{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Puts an extendible right arrow over <maths> § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

Argument Summary:

<maths> The maths over which to put the arrow.

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\P

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Paragraph ¶ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\pagenumbering{<style>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Sets the style of the page numbers. § 5.7 Page Styles and Page Numbering

Argument Summary:

<style> The page numbering style (e.g. roman for lower case Roman numerals).

\pageref{<string>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Similar to \ref but inserts the page number where the given label was defined. A second (possibly third) run of LaTeX is required to ensure the cross-references are up-to-date. § 5.5 Cross-Referencing

Argument Summary:

<string> The required label that was used in the corresponding \label.

\pagestyle{<style>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Sets the style of the headers and footers. § 5.7 Page Styles and Page Numbering

Argument Summary:

<style> The name of the page style. The LaTeX kernel defines only two styles: empty and plain. Most of the standard classes also provide the headings style.

\par

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Insert a paragraph break. § 4. Creating a Simple Document

\paragraph[<short title>]{<title>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Inserts a subsubsubsection header. Most classes default to an unnumbered running header for this sectional unit. This command has a moving argument. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

Argument Summary:

<short title> An abbreviated form of the title to go in the table of contents or the page header.
<title> The title.

The starred form of this command doesn't have an optional argument and doesn't increment or display the associated counter.

\parallel

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\parallel$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\parbox[<pos>][<height>]{<width>}{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Makes a box with line-wrapped contents. (More restrictive than minipage.) § 4.7 Boxes and Mini-Pages

Argument Summary:

<pos> The vertical alignment of the box relative to the surrounding text. (Centred if omitted.)
<height> The height of the box. (If omitted the height is the natural height of the contents of the box.)
<width> The width of the box.
<text> The contents of the box.

\parindent

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

A length register that stores the indentation at the start of paragraphs. § 2.17 Lengths

\parskip

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

A length register that stores the spacing between paragraphs. (If you're using one of the KOMA-Script classes, use the parskip option to set it to full or half line height.) § 2.17 Lengths

\part[<short title>]{<title>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Inserts a part sectional unit. This command has a moving argument. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

Argument Summary:

<short title> An abbreviated form of the title to go in the table of contents or the page header.
<title> The title.

The starred form of this command doesn't have an optional argument and doesn't increment or display the part counter.

\partial

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Partial $\partial$ symbol. § 9.4.5 Fractions

\partname

Defined in: Classes or packages that define parts with a number prefix.

Number prefix used in part headings. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\perp

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\Phi

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case phi $\Phi$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\phi

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case phi $\phi$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\Pi

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case pi $\Pi$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\pi

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case pi $\pi$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\pm

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\begin{pmatrix}<body>\end{pmatrix}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Like the array environment, but doesn't have an argument and adds round bracket delimiters. § 9.4.10 Arrays

\pmb{<symbol>}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

“Poor man's bold.” Overlays multiple copies of the symbol to produce a bold effect for symbols that don't work with \boldsymbol. § 9.4.1 Maths Fonts

Argument Summary:

<symbol> The symbol on which to apply the bold effect.

\pmod{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Modulo operator with parentheses. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

Argument Summary:

<maths> The modulo (placed in parentheses).

\pod{<maths>}

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Modulo operator with parentheses but no “mod”. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

Argument Summary:

<maths> The modulo (placed in parentheses).

\pounds

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Pound £ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\Pr

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\Pr$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\prec

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\prec$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\preceq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\preceq$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\printindex

Defined in: makeidx package.

Prints the index. Must be used with \makeindex and \index. (The external index file must first be processed by an indexing application.) § 8. Defining Commands

\prod

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Product $\prod$ symbol (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\projlim

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Typesets $\projlim$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\propto

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\protect<command>

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Used in a moving argument to prevent a fragile command from expanding. § 2.9 Moving Arguments And Fragile Commands

Argument Summary:

<command> The fragile command that needs protecting.

\Psi

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case psi $\Psi$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\psi

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case psi $\psi$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\publishers{<text>}

Defined in: scrartcl, scrreprt, scrbook classes.

Specifies the publisher (typeset after all the other titling information). § 5.1 Author and Title Information

Argument Summary:

<text> The publisher text.

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\qquad

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Horizontal spacing command (twice as wide as \quad). § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\quad

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Horizontal spacing command equal to the current font's em value. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

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\r{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Ring over <c>. Example: \r{u} produces ů. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires the ring over it.

\raggedleft

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Ragged-left paragraph justification. § 2.12 Declarations

\raggedright

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Ragged-right paragraph justification. § 2.12 Declarations

\rangle

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Right-angled $\rangle$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\rceil

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Right ceil $\rceil$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\ref{<string>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

References the value of the counter linked to the given label. A second (possibly third) run of LaTeX is required to ensure the cross-references are up-to-date. § 5.5 Cross-Referencing

Argument Summary:

<string> The required label that was used in the corresponding \label.

\reflectbox{<text>}

Defined in: graphicx package.

Reflects the specified contents in the -axis.) § 6.1 Graphical Transformations

Argument Summary:

<text> The text to be reflected.

\refname

Defined in: Article style classes that define a bibliography section.

Text used for bibliography section heading. (See also \bibname.) § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\refstepcounter{<counter>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Increments the value of the given counter by one and allows the counter to be cross-referenced using \ref and \label. § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter that needs incrementing.

\renewcommand{<cmd>}[<n-args>][<default>]{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Redefines an existing command. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

Argument Summary:

<cmd> The command name (including initial backslash).
<n-args> The number of arguments this command should have.
<default> If the first argument should be optional, the default value if omitted.
<text> What actions the command should perform.

\renewenvironment{<env-name>}[<n-args>][<default>]{<begin-code>}{end-code}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Redefines an existing environment. § 10.1 Redefining Environments

Argument Summary:

<env-name> The environment name (no backslash).
<n-args> The number of arguments this new environment should have.
<default> If the first argument should be optional, the default value if omitted.
<begin-code> Actions to perform at the start of the environment.
<end-code> Actions to perform at the end of the environment.

\resizebox{<h length>}{<v length>}{<text>}

Defined in: graphicx package.

Scales the specified contents to the given dimensions. § 6.1 Graphical Transformations

Argument Summary:

<h length> The required width or ! to keep the aspect ratio.
<v length> The required height or ! to keep the aspect ratio.
<text> The text to be scaled.

\rfloor

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Right floor $\rfloor$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\rho

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case rho $\rho$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\right<delimiter>

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Indicates a right stretchable delimiter. Must have a matching \left. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

Argument Summary:

<delimiter> A delimiter symbol, such as ), or a delimiter command, such as \rangle.

\Rightarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Double-lined right arrow $\Rightarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\rightarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Right arrow $\rightarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\rightharpoondown

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Right down harpoon $\rightharpoondown$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\rightharpoonup

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Right up harpoon $\rightharpoonup$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\rightleftharpoons

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Right-left harpoons $\rightleftharpoons$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\rmdefault

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

The name of the default serif family as used by \rmfamily. Defaults to cmr (Computer Modern Roman). § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\rmfamily

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the predefined serif font. (Defaults to Computer Modern Roman.) § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\Roman{<counter>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays counter value as an upper case Roman number. (I, II, III, ...) § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter.

\roman{<counter>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays counter value as a lower case Roman number. (i, ii, iii, ...) § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter.

\rotatebox[<option list>]{<angle>}{<text>}

Defined in: graphicx package.

Rotates the given contents by the given angle. § 6.1 Graphical Transformations

Argument Summary:

<option list> A comma-separated list of options:
- origin=<label>
- x=<dimen>
- y=<dimen>
- units=<number>
<angle> The angle of rotation.
<text> The text to be rotated.

\rVert

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Right double vertical bar $\rVert$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

\rvert

Defined in: amsmath (Math Mode).

Right vertical bar $\rvert$ delimiter. § 9.4.9 Delimiters

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\S

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Sectional § symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\sb{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Displays its argument as a subscript. § 9.4.3 Subscripts and Superscripts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The subscript.

\scalebox{<h scale>}[<v scale>]{<text>}

Defined in: graphicx package.

Scales the specified contents. § 6.1 Graphical Transformations

Argument Summary:

<h scale> The horizontal scale factor.
<v scale> The vertical scale factor. If omitted, the same as <h scale>.
<text> The text to be scaled.

\scriptsize

Defined in: Most document classes.

Switches to sub- or superscript sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\scshape

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the small-caps form of the current font family, if it exists. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\searrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

South-East arrow $\searrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\sec

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\sec$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\section[<short title>]{<title>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Inserts a section header. This command has a moving argument. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

Argument Summary:

<short title> An abbreviated form of the title to go in the table of contents or the page header.
<title> The title.

The starred form of this command doesn't have an optional argument and doesn't increment or display the section counter.

\selectlanguage{<language name>}

Defined in: babel package.

Switches to the named language. Predefined textual elements, such as the date given by \today or prefixes like “Chapter”, are redefined to those supplied by the given language. § 5.8 Multi-Lingual Support: using the babel package

Argument Summary:

<language> The language identifier.

\setcounter{<counter>}{<number>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Sets the value of a counter. § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter that needs changing.
<number> The new value. (Must be an integer.)

\setlength{<register>}{<dimension>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Sets the value of a length register. § 2.17 Lengths

Argument Summary:

<register> The name of the length register (for example \parindent).
<dimension> The new dimension.

\setminus

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\setminus$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\sfdefault

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

The name of the default sans-serif family as used by \sffamily. Defaults to cmss (Computer Modern Sans-serif). § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\sffamily

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the predefined sans-serif font. (Defaults to Computer Modern Sans.) § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\shadowbox{<text>}

Defined in: fancybox package.

Puts a shadow frame around its contents, prohibiting a line break in the contents. § 4.7.1 Framed Boxes

Argument Summary:

<text> The contents of the box.

\begin{sidewaysfigure}<body>\end{sidewaysfigure}

Defined in: rotating package.

Like the figure environment but rotates the entire figure (including caption) sideways. § 7.3 Sideways Floats

\begin{sidewaystable}<body>\end{sidewaystable}

Defined in: rotating package.

Like the table environment but rotates the entire table (including caption) sideways. § 7.3 Sideways Floats

\Sigma

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case sigma $\Sigma$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\sigma

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case sigma $\sigma$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\sim

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\sim$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\simeq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\simeq$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\sin

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\sin$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\sinh

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\sinh$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\slash

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Forward slash / symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\slshape

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the slanted form of the current font family, if it exists. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\small

Defined in: Most document classes.

Switches to small sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\begin{smallmatrix}<body>\end{smallmatrix}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Like the array environment but doesn't have an argument and is designed for in-line maths. § 9.4.10 Arrays

\smile

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\smile$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\sp{<maths>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Displays its argument as a superscript. § 9.4.3 Subscripts and Superscripts

Argument Summary:

<maths> The superscript.

\sqcap

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\sqcap$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\sqcup

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\sqcup$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\sqrt[<order>]{<operand>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Displays a root. § 9.4.6 Roots

Argument Summary:

<order> The order of the root. (If omitted, a square root).
<operand> The operand.

\sqsubseteq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\sqsubseteq$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\sqsupseteq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\sqsupseteq$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\SS

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

SS (upper case ß). § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\ss

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Eszett ß character. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\star

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\star$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\stepcounter{<counter>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Increments the value of the given counter by one. § 11. Counters

Argument Summary:

<counter> The name of the counter that needs incrementing.

\begin{subfigure}[<pos>]{<width>}<body>\end{subfigure}

Defined in: subcaption package.

Used to form a subfigure within a figure environment. The \caption command may be used in this environment to produce a subcaption. § 7.4 Sub-Floats

Argument Summary:

<pos> The vertical alignment of the box relative to the surrounding text. (Centred if omitted.)
<width> The width of the box.

\subject{<text>}

Defined in: scrartcl, scrreprt, scrbook classes.

Specifies the subject (typeset just above the title). § 5.1 Author and Title Information

Argument Summary:

<text> The subject.

\subparagraph[<short title>]{<title>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Inserts a subsubsubsubsection header. Most classes default to an unnumbered running header for this sectional unit. This command has a moving argument. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

Argument Summary:

<short title> An abbreviated form of the title to go in the table of contents or the page header.
<title> The title.

The starred form of this command doesn't have an optional argument and doesn't increment or display the associated counter.

\subref{<label>}

Defined in: subcaption package.

Analogous to \ref but only references the subfigure or subtable caption. § 7.4 Sub-Floats

Argument Summary:

<label> The required label that was used in the corresponding \label.

\subsection[<short title>]{<title>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Inserts a subsection header. This command has a moving argument. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

Argument Summary:

<short title> An abbreviated form of the title to go in the table of contents or the page header.
<title> The title.

The starred form of this command doesn't have an optional argument and doesn't increment or display the subsection counter.

\subset

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Subset $\subset$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\subseteq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\subseteq$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\substack{<maths>}

Defined in: amsmath package.

Can be used to produce a multiline subscript or superscript. Lines are separated using \\. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

Argument Summary:

<maths> The subscript or superscript maths with rows ended using \\

\subsubsection[<short title>]{<title>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Inserts a subsubsection header. This command has a moving argument. § 5.3 Chapters, Sections, Subsections ...

Argument Summary:

<short title> An abbreviated form of the title to go in the table of contents or the page header.
<title> The title.

The starred form of this command doesn't have an optional argument and doesn't increment or display the subsubsection counter.

\begin{subtable}[<pos>]{<width>}<body>\end{subtable}

Defined in: subcaption package.

Used to form a subtable within a table environment. The \caption command may be used in this environment to produce a subcaption. § 7.4 Sub-Floats

Argument Summary:

<pos> The vertical alignment of the box relative to the surrounding text. (Centred if omitted.)
<width> The width of the box.

\subtitle{<text>}

Defined in: scrartcl, scrreprt, scrbook classes.

Specifies the subtitle (typeset just below the title). § 5.1 Author and Title Information

Argument Summary:

<text> The subtitle text.

\succ

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\succ$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\succeq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\succeq$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\sum

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Summation $\sum$ symbol (may take limits). § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\sup

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\sup$ function name (may have limits via _ or ^). § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\supset

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\supset$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\supseteq

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Relational $\supseteq$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\swarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

South-West arrow $\swarrow$ . § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

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\t{<characters>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Tie over <characters>. Example: \t{xy} produces x͡y. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<characters> The characters that require the tie.

\tabcolsep

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Length register specifying half the gap between columns in a tabular environment. § 4.6 Aligning Material in Rows and Columns

\begin{table}[<placement>]<body>\end{table}

Defined in: Most classes that define sectioning commands.

Argument Summary:

<placement> The preferred placement.

\tablename

Defined in: Classes or packages that define tables.

Number prefix used in table captions. § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\tableofcontents

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of document structure.

Inserts the table of contents. A second (possibly third) run is required to ensure the page numbering is correct. § 5.4 Creating a Table of Contents

\begin{tabular}[<v-pos>]{<column specifiers>}<body>\end{tabular}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Text Mode).

Environment for lining things up in rows and columns. Use array for math mode. § 4.6 Aligning Material in Rows and Columns

Argument Summary:

<v-pos> Vertical alignment of the entire environment with respect to the surrounding baseline. May be one of t (top), b (bottom) or c (centered).
<column specifiers> Indicates how to align the columns.

\tabularnewline

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Behaves like \\ in a tabular-like environment but helps to disambiguate a line break in a paragraph cell from a row separator. § 4.6.1 Column and Row Separation

\tag{<tag>}

Defined in: amsmath package.

Overrides equation numbering for the current row in environments such as align. § 9.3 Multiple Lines of Displayed Maths

Argument Summary:

<tag> The replacement for the equation number.

\tan

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\tan$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\tanh

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Typesets $\tanh$ function name. § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\tau

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case tau $\tau$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\TeX

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Typesets the TeX logo. § 2.6 Commands

\text{<text>}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Displays its argument in the normal text font (as opposed to the current maths font). § 9.2 Displayed Mathematics

Argument Summary:

<text> The text to be displayed in the normal text font.

\textasciicircum

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Circumflex ^ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textasciitilde

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Tilde ~ symbol. (If you are typing an URL, use the url package, which provides \url{<address>} that allows you to directly type ~ in the address.) § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textbackslash

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Text Mode).

Backlash \ symbol. (Use \backslash for math mode.) § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textbar

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Vertical bar | symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textbf{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> with a bold weight in the current font family, if it exists. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\textbullet

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Text Mode).

Bullet * symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textcolor[<model>]{<specs>}{<text>}

Defined in: color and xcolor packages.

Sets <text> with the foreground colour according to the given <specs>. § 8. Defining Commands

Argument Summary:

<<model>> The colour model, for example rgb or named.
<<specs>> The colour specification for the given model. For example, if the rgb model is chosen, <specs> must be a comma-separated list of three numbers each between 0 and 1.
<<text>> The text to be displayed in the given colour.

\textemdash

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Em-dash — symbol. (Normally used to indicate omissions or interruptions or to highlight a parenthetical element.) See also ---. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textendash

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

En-dash – symbol. (Normally used for number ranges.) See also --. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textexclamdown

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Upside-down exclamation mark $\textexclamdown$ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textgreater

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Text Mode).

Greater than > symbol. (Just use > in math mode.) § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textheight

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

A length containing the height of the typeblock. Note that the actual contents of the page may fall short of the text height (underfull vbox) or extend beyond it (overfull vbox). This measurement does not include the header and footer areas. § 6. The graphicx Package

\textit{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> with the italic form of the current font family, if it exists. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\textless

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Text Mode).

Less than < symbol. (Just use < in math mode.) § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textmd{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> with a medium weight in the current font family. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\textnormal{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> in the default font style. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\textperiodcentered

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Text Mode).

Centred period $\textperiodcentered$ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textquestiondown

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Upside-down question mark $\textquestiondown$ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textquotedblleft

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Opening double quote “ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textquotedblright

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Closing double quote ” symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textquoteleft

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Opening single quote ‘ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textquoteright

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Closing single quote (or apostrophe) ’ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textregistered

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Registered $\textregistered$ symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textrm{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> in the predefined serif font. (Defaults to Computer Modern Roman.) § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\textsc{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> with the small-caps form of the current font family, if it exists. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\textsf{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> in the predefined sans-serif font. (Defaults to Computer Modern Sans.) § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\textsl{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> with the slanted form of the current font family, if it exists. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\texttrademark

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Trademark ^TM symbol. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\texttt{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> in the predefined monospaced font. (Defaults to Computer Modern Typewriter.) § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\textunderscore

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Underscore _ symbol (see also \textunderscore). § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\textup{<text>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Renders <text> with the upright form of the current font family. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<text> The text on which to apply the font change.

\textwidth

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

A length containing the width of the typeblock. Note that the actual contents of the line may fall short of the line width (underfull hbox) or extend beyond it (overfull hbox). This width does not include the area for marginal notes. § 2.17 Lengths

\thanks{<text>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of a title page.

Inserts a special type of footnote in one of the titling fields, such as \author or \title. Usually used for some form of acknowledgement or affiliation. § 5.1 Author and Title Information

\the<register>

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays the value of the given register (such as a length register). Not to be confused with \the<ctr> commands, such as \thefigure. § 2.17 Lengths

Argument Summary:

<register> The name of the register.

\begin{thebibliography}{<widest entry label>}<body>\end{thebibliography}

Defined in: Most classes that define sectioning commands.

Bibliographic list. (See also \bibitem and \cite). § 5.6 Creating a Bibliography

Argument Summary:

<widest entry label> The widest label in the bibliography list.

\thechapter

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays the current value of the chapter counter § 11. Counters

\thefigure

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays the current value of the figure counter § 11. Counters

\thefootnote

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays the current value of the footnote counter § 11. Counters

\thepage

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays the current value of the page counter § 11. Counters

\thesection

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Displays the current value of the section counter § 11. Counters

\Theta

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case theta $\Theta$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\theta

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case theta $\theta$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\thickspace

Defined in: amsmath package.

Thick space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\thinspace

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Thin space. § 9.4.12 Mathematical Spacing

\thispagestyle{<style>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Like \pagestyle but only affects the current page. § 5.7 Page Styles and Page Numbering

Argument Summary:

<style> The name of the page style.

\times

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\times$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\tiny

Defined in: Most document classes.

Switches to tiny sized text. § 4.5.2 Changing the Font Size

\title{<text>}

Defined in: Most classes that have the concept of a title page.

Specifies the document title. This command doesn't display any text so may be used in the preamble, but if it's not in the preamble it must be placed before \maketitle. § 5.1 Author and Title Information

Argument Summary:

<text> The title of the document.

Note that some classes, such as those supplied by journals or conference proceedings, may also define an optional argument that can be used to specify an abbreviated title for the page headers.

\titlehead{<text>}

Defined in: scrartcl, scrreprt, scrbook classes.

Specifies the title header (typeset at the top of the title page). § 5.1 Author and Title Information

Argument Summary:

<text> The title header text.

\to

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Right arrow $\to$ . § 9.4.4 Functional Names

\today

Defined in: Most of the commonly-used classes.

Inserts into the output file the date when the LaTeX application created it from the source code. § 4.1 Using Simple Commands, 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

\toprule[<wd>]

Defined in: booktabs package.

Horizontal rule for the top of a tabular environment. § 4.6.3 Rules

Argument Summary:

<wd> Thickness of the rule (dimension).

\triangleleft

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\triangleleft$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\triangleright

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Binary operator $\triangleright$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\ttdefault

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

The name of the default typewriter family as used by \ttfamily. Defaults to cmtt (Computer Modern Typewriter). § 8.2 Redefining Commands

\ttfamily

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the predefined monospaced font. (Defaults to Computer Modern Typewriter.) § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

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\u{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Breve diacritic over <c>. Example: \u{o} produces ŏ. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols

Argument Summary:

<c> The character that requires the breve diacritic.

\underleftarrow{<maths>}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Puts an extendible left arrow under <maths> § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

Argument Summary:

<maths> The maths under which to put the arrow.

\underleftrightarrow{<maths>}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Puts an extendible left-right arrow under <maths> § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

Argument Summary:

<maths> The maths under which to put the arrow.

\underrightarrow{<maths>}

Defined in: amsmath package (Math Mode).

Puts an extendible right arrow under <maths> § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

Argument Summary:

<maths> The maths under which to put the arrow.

\Uparrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Double-lined up arrow $\Uparrow$ . (May be used as a delimiter.) § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\uparrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Up arrow $\uparrow$ . (May be used as a delimiter.) § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\Updownarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Double-ended double-lined vertical arrow $\Updownarrow$ . (May be used as a delimiter.) § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\updownarrow

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Double-ended vertical arrow $\updownarrow$ . (May be used as a delimiter.) § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\uplus

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Operator $\uplus$ symbol. § 9.4.7 Mathematical Symbols

\upshape

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Switches to the upright form of the current font family. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

\Upsilon

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek upper case upsilon $\Upsilon$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\upsilon

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel (Math Mode).

Greek lower case upsilon $\upsilon$ . § 9.4.2 Greek Letters

\url{<address>}

Defined in: url package.

Typesets an URL in a typewriter font and allows you to use characters such as ~. § 4.5.1 Changing the Font Style

Argument Summary:

<address> The web address.

\usepackage[<option-list>]{<package-list>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Loads the named packages. § 4.2 Packages

Argument Summary:

<option-list> A comma-separated list of options to pass to the package.
<package-list> A comma-separated list of package names (without the .sty extension).

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\v{<c>}

Defined in: LaTeX Kernel.

Caron diacritic over <c>. Example: \v{o} produces ǒ. § 4.3 Special Characters and Symbols