9.4.8 Ellipses

Ellipsis (omission mark) commands are shown in Table 9.12. The amsmath package also provides: \dotsc for dots with commas, \dotsb for dots with binary operators/relations, \dotsm for multiplication dots, \dotsi for dots with integrals and \dotso for other dots, which can be used as replacements for \ldots and \cdots.

**Table 9.12:** Ellipses (^† provided by `amsmath` package)
`\vdots`	$\vdots$		`\cdots`	$\cdots$		`\dotsb`^†	$\dotsb$	`\dotsi`^†	$\dotsi$	`\dotsm`^†	$\dotsm$
`\ddots`	$\ddots$		`\ldots`	$\ldots$		`\dotsc`^†	$\dotsc$	`\dotso`^†	$\dotso$

Example (Low Ellipsis):

This example uses the command \forall to produce the “for all” symbol $\forall$ , and it also uses \␣ (backslash space) to make a space before the for all symbol. The amsmath “dots with commas” ellipsis \dotsc is used rather than the standard \ldots:

\[ a_ix_i = b_i\␣\forall i = 1,\dotsc, n \]

Example (Centred ellipsis):

This example uses the amsmath “dots with binary operators/relations” \dotsb instead of the standard \cdots:

\[ y = a_1 + a_2 + \dotsb + a_n \]

Exercise 22: Maths: Fractions and Symbols
This exercise uses a fraction, a square root, subscripts, superscripts and symbols. Try to reproduce the following output:

Again you can download or view the solution.

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